Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound particles continuously released by living cells throughout their lifespan. They carry not just DNA, but also RNA, proteins, glycans, metabolites, and lipids all of which are protected from enzymatic degradation in biofluids by their lipid bilayer. Importantly, the contents of EVs are not exported randomly; they reflect the health status of their parental cells and are enriched with bioactive components involved in critical cellular functions. EVs serve as convenient 'windows' into cellular processes, generally transmitting specific intercellular messages regionally and across organs.
It is important to emphasise that Dynamic Biopsy requires organ- / tissue-specific EV analysis in biofluids, not bulk EV analysis, which primarily contains information from blood cells and are not specific, creating excessive noise that hampers accurate analysis. This means the EVs must be sourced from specific organs or tissues (e.g., the liver or lungs), providing a targeted and accurate view of the disease process occurring in those tissues. This near-real-time, multi-omics approach enables clinicians to distinguish and monitor dynamic processes such as cell signalling, protein interactions, and metabolic activity – key drivers of disease evolution.
Mursla Bio pioneered three EV technologies to achieve optimal clinical outcomes: (i)
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(ii)
